Two decades ago successful transfection of antigen presenting cells (APC) in vivo was
demonstrated which resulted in the induction of primary adaptive immune responses. Due to …

The history of DNA vaccine began as early as the 1960s with the discovery that naked DNA
can transfect mammalian cells in vivo. In 1992, the evidence that such transfection could …

Since the discovery, over a decade and a half ago, that genetically engineered DNA can be
delivered in vaccine form and elicit an immune response, there has been much progress in …

Biochemical, serological and microbiological methods have been used to dissect pathogens
and identify the components useful for vaccine development. Although successful in many …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain immunostimulatory CpG motifs trigger
an immunomodulatory cascade that involves B and T cells, natural killer cells and …

This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of
plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human …

Studies of the administration of interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic melanoma or kidney
cancer have shown that immunological manipulations can mediate the durable regression …

It was discovered almost 20 years ago that plasmid DNA, when injected into the skin or
muscle of mice, could induce immune responses to encoded antigens. Since that time, there …

In 2013 there were an estimated 584,000 deaths and 198 million clinical illnesses due to
malaria, the majority in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines would be the ideal addition to the …

Human malaria affects the vast majority of the world's population with the Plasmodium
falciparum species causing the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. With no licensed …