Autophagy is a quality-control, metabolic, and innate immunity process. Normative
autophagy affects many cell types, including hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic …

According to the widely accepted" three Es" model, the host immune system eliminates
malignant cell precursors and contains microscopic neoplasms in a dynamic equilibrium …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …

The role of NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)‐mediated pyroptosis in acute lung injury
(ALI) has been well identified previously. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an …

A cell is delimited by numerous borders that define specific organelles. The walls of some
organelles are particularly robust, such as in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum, but …

The cGAS‐STING pathway plays an important role in host defense by sensing pathogen
DNA, inducing type I IFNs, and initiating autophagy. However, the molecular mechanism of …

Acute lung injury (ALI), a critical respiratory disorder that causes diffuse alveolar injury leads
to high mortality rates with no effective treatment. ALI is characterized by varying degrees of …

The immune system has evolved to protect the host from the pathogens and allergens
surrounding their environment. The immune system develops in such a way to recognize …

The multifunctional protein, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), is located on the
mitochondrial outer membrane. It is a pivotal protein that maintains mitochondrial function to …

Programmed cell deaths are pathways involving cells playing an active role in their own
destruction. Depending on the signaling system of the process, programmed cell death can …