As humans evolved, perhaps the two strongest selection determinants of survival were a
robust immune response able to clear bacterial, viral, and parasitic infection and an ability to …

Metabolic and immune systems are among the most fundamental requirements for survival.
Many metabolic and immune response pathways or nutrient-and pathogen-sensing systems …

Over the last decade, an abundance of evidence has emerged demonstrating a close link
between metabolism and immunity. It is now clear that obesity is associated with a state of …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in
Western countries and is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The …

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and reports estimate that American
children consume up to 25% of calories from snacks. Several animal models of obesity exist …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPAR-δ), one of three members of the
PPAR group in the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-activated transcription factor …

Background: Adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (A-FABP) is traditionally thought to be a
cytosolic fatty acid chaperone expressed in adipocytes. Mice with targeted disruption of the …

Adipose tissue can be considered as a huge gland producing paracrine and endocrine
hormones, the adipo (cyto) kines. There is growing evidence that these adipo (cyto) kines …

Fatty acid-binding proteins are cytosolic fatty acid chaperones, and the adipocyte isoform,
aP2, plays an important role in obesity and glucose metabolism. Recently, this protein has …

Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) is a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance widely used
to replace the banned perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in different industrial and …