Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy,
atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke and heart failure, are among the leading causes of …

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's malfunctioning response
to infection. Due to its high mortality rate and medical cost, sepsis remains one of the world's …

OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is implicated in cardiac insulin resistance, a critical risk factor
for cardiac failure, but the direct evidence remains missing. This study explored a causal link …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is a major contributor to
cardiovascular failure, but the signaling mechanisms underlying its stress response are not …

Abstract Classical (M1) and alternative (M2) polarization of mononuclear cells (MNCs) such
as monocyte and macrophages is known to occur in response to challenges within a …

Autophagy is a ubiquitous cellular catabolic process responsive to energy stress. Research
over the past decade has revealed that cardiomyocyte autophagy is a prominent …

Sepsis is a serious complication after infection, whose further development may lead to
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and so on. It is an important cause of death in critically …

Synthesis of transmembrane and secretory proteins occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) and is extremely important in the normal functioning of both the heart and kidney. The …

Autophagy is one of the innate immune defense mechanisms against microbial challenges.
Previous in vitro and in vivo models of sepsis demonstrated that autophagy was activated …

Context: Responses to critical illness, such as excessive inflammation and hyperglycemia,
may trigger detrimental chain reactions that damage cellular proteins and organelles. Such …