Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based
on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and …

Parasitic infections are a major global health issue causing significant mortality and
morbidity. Despite substantial advances in the diagnostics and treatment of these diseases …

Immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD) induced by photothermal therapy (PTT) fails to elicit a
robust antitumor immune response partially due to its inherent immunosuppressive …

Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been considered as a crucial intracellular pattern recognition
receptor in the immune system, which can directly or indirectly mediate innate and adaptive …

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become one of the
most prevalent liver diseases worldwide, and its occurrence is strongly associated with …

The ongoing evolution and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants have raised concerns
regarding the efficacy of existing vaccines and therapeutic agents. This study aimed to …

Abstract CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODNs) have been demonstrated to enhance the innate
immune response in various organisms, including Litopenaeus vannamei, a species of …

Neutrophils exert either pro-or anti-tumor activities. However, few studies have focused on
neutrophils at the tumor initiation stage. In this study, we unexpectedly found a …

Infectious diseases continue to pose a significant global health threat. To combat these
challenges, innovative vaccine technologies are urgently needed. Nanoparticles (NPs) have …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a serious public health issue, and development of
vaccines is a desirable preventive strategy for H. pylori. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands have …