Defensive strategies are unique features of animals with aid of which they guard themselves
against predators or any other potential risks. Birds among the animal kingdom display the …

The red‐backed shrike (Lanius collurio) used to be one of the most common hosts of the
common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Nevertheless, during the last 30 years, there is …

Nest predation is an important determinant of reproductive success and ground-nesting
birds exhibit a variety of nest defence strategies to mitigate the risk. Many small-bodied …

Brood survival as an expression of breeding success is a component of bird fitness and the
principal parameter underlying bird population dynamics. The main factor limiting brood …

This SpringerBrief answers the question on how birds recognize their predators using
multidisciplinary approaches and outlines paths of the future research of predator …

The majority of altricial bird species defend their brood against predators more intensively in
nestlings rather than eggs stage. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this …

Capsule We examined intraspecific variation in the nest size of open cup nesting Blackbirds
Turdus merula and found that of seven variables considered, nest size variation was …

Nest survival is influenced by where and when birds decide to breed. For ground-nesting
species, nest-site characteristics, such as vegetation height and proximity to water, may …

The pressure of predators may significantly affects the distribution pattern of nesting birds.
Some individuals may reduce the risk of predation by nesting near other species with an …

Determining the key factors affecting the reproductive success of nesting birds is crucial in
order to better understand the population dynamics of endangered species and to introduce …