Botulinum toxin in the management of children with cerebral palsy

I Multani, J Manji, T Hastings-Ison, A Khot, K Graham - Pediatric Drugs, 2019‏ - Springer
During the past 25 years, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has become the most widely used
medical intervention in children with cerebral palsy. In this review we consider the gaps in …

Muscle architecture, growth, and biological Remodelling in cerebral palsy: a narrative review

GG Handsfield, S Williams, S Khuu, G Lichtwark… - BMC musculoskeletal …, 2022‏ - Springer
Cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by a static lesion to the brain occurring in utero or up to the
first 2 years of life; it often manifests as musculoskeletal impairments and movement …

Skeletal muscle in cerebral palsy: from belly to myofibril

JJ Howard, W Herzog - Frontiers in neurology, 2021‏ - frontiersin.org
This review will provide a comprehensive, up-to-date review of the current knowledge
regarding the pathophysiology of muscle contractures in cerebral palsy. Although much has …

Progressive resistance training for children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects on muscle strength and morphology

B Hanssen, N Peeters, N De Beukelaer… - Frontiers in …, 2022‏ - frontiersin.org
Children with spastic cerebral palsy often present with muscle weakness, resulting from
neural impairments and muscular alterations. While progressive resistance training (PRT) …

The contribution of decreased muscle size to muscle weakness in children with spastic cerebral palsy

B Hanssen, N Peeters, I Vandekerckhove… - Frontiers in …, 2021‏ - frontiersin.org
Muscle weakness is a common clinical symptom in children with spastic cerebral palsy
(SCP). It is caused by impaired neural ability and altered intrinsic capacity of the muscles. To …

[HTML][HTML] Over 25 years of pediatric botulinum toxin treatments: what have we learned from injection techniques, doses, dilutions, and recovery of repeated injections?

H Sätilä - Toxins, 2020‏ - mdpi.com
Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has been used for over 25 years in the management of
pediatric lower and upper limb hypertonia, with the first reports in 1993. The most common …

Sarcopenia, cerebral palsy, and botulinum toxin type A

I Multani, J Manji, MJ Tang, W Herzog, JJ Howard… - JBJS …, 2019‏ - journals.lww.com
» Children with cerebral palsy have muscles that are much smaller than muscles in typically
develo** peers.» Injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) result in acute muscle …

Reduced cross-sectional muscle growth six months after botulinum toxin type-A injection in children with spastic cerebral palsy

N De Beukelaer, G Weide, E Huyghe… - Toxins, 2022‏ - mdpi.com
Botulinum Neurotoxin type-A (BoNT-A) injections are widely used as first-line spasticity
treatment in spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). Despite improved clinical outcomes, concerns …

Measuring skeletal muscle morphology and architecture with imaging modalities in children with cerebral palsy: a sco** review

SA Williams, NS Stott, J Valentine… - … Medicine & Child …, 2021‏ - Wiley Online Library
Aim To investigate the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
methodologies to assess muscle morphology and architecture in children with cerebral …

Stretching interventions in children with cerebral palsy: why are they ineffective in improving muscle function and how can we better their outcome?

BM Kalkman, L Bar-On, TD O'Brien… - Frontiers in …, 2020‏ - frontiersin.org
Hyper-resistance at the joint is one of the most common symptoms in children with cerebral
palsy (CP). Alterations to the structure and mechanical properties of the musculoskeletal …