Protected areas (PAs) are at the forefront of conservation efforts, and yet despite
considerable progress towards the global target of having 17% of the world's land area …

Commonalities and complementarities among approaches to conservation monitoring and
evaluation (M&E) are not well articulated, creating the potential for confusion, misuse, and …

Decision makers are increasingly interested in information from ecosystem services (ES)
assessments. Scientists have for long recognised the importance of selecting appropriate …

Protected areas aim to conserve nature, ecosystem services, and cultural values; however,
they have variable success in doing so under high development pressure. Southeast Asian …

Environmental conservation initiatives, including marine protected areas (MPAs), have
proliferated in recent decades. Designed to conserve marine biodiversity, many MPAs also …

Light pollution, a phenomenon in which artificial nighttime light (NTL) changes the form of
brightness and darkness in natural areas such as protected areas (PAs), has become a …

Understanding the factors that drive protected area outcomes is critical to increase the
success of global conservation efforts. Until recently, our understanding of the influence of …

Reducing large-scale deforestation in commodity frontiers remains a key challenge for
climate change mitigation and the conservation of biodiversity. Public and private anti …

Increasing the coverage of effectively managed protected areas (PAs) is a key focus of the
2020 Aichi biodiversity targets. PA management has received considerable attention, often …

Protected areas are one of the most widely adopted approaches to conservation, and
assessment of their management effectiveness has become a widespread way of evaluating …