Localization is one of the key techniques in wireless sensor network. The location estimation
methods can be classified into target/source localization and node self-localization. In target …

This review paper presents within a common framework the mobile station positioning
methods applied in 2G, 3G, and 4G cellular networks, as well as the structure of the related …

With the development of modern electromagnetic stealth technology and ARM, traditional
active radar detection cannot accomplish its detection mission, limited by its ability. Relying …

Locating a signal source using angles of arrival (AOAs) in a wireless sensor network is
attractive because it does not require synchronization of the distributed receivers as in the …

Point positioning and direction of arrival (DOA) localization require separate estimators,
depending on whether the source is near or distant from the sensors. The use of modified …

For indoor localization based on wireless sensor networks, the transmission of wireless
signals can be disrupted by obstacles and walls. This situation, called non-line-of-sight …

The global positioning system (GPS), which provides ubiquitous location-awareness with a
constellation of satellites, has become an instrumental function of multiple mass-market …

Range based localization often relies on TOA that creates a circular contour or TDOA that
yields hyperbolic surface to determine the position of an emitting object. Another approach …

Indoor localization is of pivotal significance for a wide variety of services in the context of the
Internet of Things (IoT). Both ranging-based and fingerprint-based localization techniques …

This article addresses the underwater acoustical localization problem by using the time-
difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and bearing-angle-of-arrival (BAOA) measurements. For the …