The immune system is a remarkable information processing and self learning system that
offers inspiration to build artificial immune system (AIS). The field of AIS has obtained a …

Existing artificial immune optimization algorithms reflect a number of shortcomings, such as
premature convergence and poor local search ability. This paper proposes a danger‐theory …

The natural immune system provides an effective defense mechanism against foreign
substances via complex interactions among various cells and molecules. Jerne introduced …

The University course timetabling problem involves the allocation of courses to rooms and
timeslots subject to satisfaction of hard and soft constraints. The hard constraints must be …

With the development of society, handwritten digits recognition technique has been widely
applied to production and daily life. It is a very difficult task to solve these problems in the …