Abstract Initialized Earth System predictions are made by starting a numerical prediction
model in a state as consistent as possible to observations and running it forward in time for …

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

The sixth version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), called
MIROC6, was cooperatively developed by a Japanese modeling community. In the present …

Since its discovery in the early 1970s, the crucial role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
(MJO) in the global hydrological cycle and its tremendous influence on high‐impact climate …

Abstract The Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 1, the
atmospheric component of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System …

Abstract Studies of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) have progressed considerably
during the past decades in observations, numerical modeling, and theoretical …

The stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important
source of variability for the weather and climate at the Earth's surface on timescales of weeks …

Interannual variation of seasonal-mean tropical convection over the Indo-Pacific region is
primarily controlled by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). For example, during El Niño …

The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the tropospheric Madden–Julian
oscillation (MJO) are strongly linked in boreal winter. In this Review, we synthesize …

There has been an accelerating interest in forecasting the weather and climate within the
subseasonal time range. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), an organized envelope of …