The structure of the lung, with its delicate network of airspaces and capillaries, means that
gravity has a profound influence on its function. Studies of lung function in the absence of …

Study objectives Methadone, a long-acting μ-opioid agonist, is an effective treatment for
heroin addiction. Our previous data show that 6 of 10 methadone maintenance treatment …

Space flight presents a set of physiological challenges to the space explorer which result
from the absence of gravity (or in the case of planetary exploration, partial gravity), radiation …

Spaceflight conditions have a significant impact on a number of physiological functions due
to psychological stress, radiation, and reduced gravity. To explore the effect of the flight …

The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is the increase in breathing in response to reduced
arterial oxygen pressure. Over several decades, studies have revealed substantial …

This pre-eminent work has developed over six editions in response to man's attempts to
climb higher and higher unaided, and to spend more time at altitude for both work and …

Rationale Methadone is a long-acting μ-opioid and is an effective treatment for heroin
addiction. Opioids depress respiration, and patients receiving methadone maintenance …

The relationship between the variations in ovarian hormones (ie, estrogens and
progesterone) and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) remains unclear. HVR is a key …

Key points Carbon dioxide levels are mildly elevated on the International Space Station and
it is unknown whether this chronic exposure causes physiological changes to astronauts …

Although environmental physiologists are readily able to alter many aspects of the
environment, it is not possible to remove the effects of gravity on Earth. During the past …