The most common form of neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus is distal symmetric
sensorimotor polyneuropathy, often accompanied by autonomic neuropathy. This disorder is …

Neuronal cytotoxic edema is the morphological correlate of the near-complete neuronal
battery breakdown called spreading depolarization, or conversely, spreading depolarization …

Interstitial fibrosis and hypoxia accelerate the progression of CKD, but clinical tools to
quantitate these factors in patients are lacking. Here, we evaluated the use of two magnetic …

purpose. To characterize early structural gliotic reactions in retinal Müller cells, astrocytes,
and microglia in experimentally induced diabetes. methods. Rats were rendered diabetic by …

Exposure to fine airborne particulate matter (PM2. 5) is associated with cardiovascular
events and mortality in older and cardiac patients. Potential physiologic effects of in-vehicle …

Many diagnostic tests in a conventional clinical laboratory are performed on blood plasma
because changes in its composition often reflect the current status of pathological processes …

Diabetes targets the peripheral nervous system with several different patterns of damage
and several mechanisms of disease. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a common disorder …

Diabetic nephropathy is traditionally considered to be a primarily glomerular disease,
although this contention has recently been challenged. Early tubular injury has been …

Anemia is a common finding in patients with diabetes due to the high burden of chronic
kidney disease in this population. Anemia is more prevalent and is found earlier in patients …

Objective Hyperglycaemia has multiple effects on the red blood cell (RBC), including
glycation of haemoglobin, reduced deformability and reduced lifespan. Red cell distribution …