BACKGROUND Chromatin is the essential medium through which transcription factors,
signaling pathways, and other cues alter gene activity and cellular phenotypes. It assumes …

The past 10 years have seen great advances in our ability to manipulate cell fate, including
the induction of pluripotency in vitro to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This …

The discovery of somatic cell nuclear transfer proved that somatic cells can carry the same
genetic code as the zygote, and that activating parts of this code are sufficient to reprogram …

The DNA of each cell is wrapped around histone octamers, forming so-called 'nucleosomal
core particles'. These histone proteins have tails that project from the nucleosome and many …

DNA methylation is a key layer of epigenetic regulation. The deposition of methylation marks
relies on the catalytic activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and their active removal …

Metastases arise from residual disseminated tumour cells (DTCs). This can happen years
after primary tumour treatment because residual tumour cells can enter dormancy and …

During organogenesis, epithelial cells can give rise to mesenchymal cells through epithelial–
mesenchymal transition. The reverse process, mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), can …

BACKGROUND Multicellular organisms depend on the precise orchestration of gene
expression to direct embryonic development and to maintain tissue homeostasis through …

Establishing and maintaining cell identity depends on the proper regulation of gene
expression, as specified by transcription factors and reinforced by epigenetic mechanisms …

The MDM2 and MDMX (also known as HDMX and MDM4) proteins are deregulated in many
human cancers and exert their oncogenic activity predominantly by inhibiting the p53 tumour …