[HTML][HTML] Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation

V Cruzat, M Macedo Rogero, K Noel Keane, R Curi… - Nutrients, 2018‏ - mdpi.com
Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease,
the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For …

Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes

A Clark, N Mach - Journal of the International Society of Sports …, 2016‏ - Taylor & Francis
Fatigue, mood disturbances, under performance and gastrointestinal distress are common
among athletes during training and competition. The psychosocial and physical demands …

[HTML][HTML] Pharmacologic or genetic targeting of glutamine synthetase skews macrophages toward an M1-like phenotype and inhibits tumor metastasis

EM Palmieri, A Menga, R Martín-Pérez, A Quinto… - Cell reports, 2017‏ - cell.com
Summary Glutamine-synthetase (GS), the glutamine-synthesizing enzyme from glutamate,
controls important events, including the release of inflammatory mediators, mammalian …

Glutamine-dependent α-ketoglutarate production regulates the balance between T helper 1 cell and regulatory T cell generation

D Klysz, X Tai, PA Robert, M Craveiro, G Cretenet… - Science …, 2015‏ - science.org
T cell activation requires that the cell meet increased energetic and biosynthetic demands.
We showed that exogenous nutrient availability regulated the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T …

Endocrine crosstalk between skeletal muscle and the brain

J Delezie, C Handschin - Frontiers in neurology, 2018‏ - frontiersin.org
Skeletal muscle is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and a potent coordinator of
exercise-induced adaptations in other organs including the liver, fat or the brain. Skeletal …

The multifaceted roles of proline in cell behavior

EJ Patriarca, F Cermola, C D'Aniello, A Fico… - Frontiers in cell and …, 2021‏ - frontiersin.org
Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology. This peculiar cyclic imino
acid is:(i) A main precursor of extracellular collagens (the most abundant human proteins) …

Glutamine metabolism, sensing and signaling in plants

KT Lee, HS Liao, MH Hsieh - Plant and Cell Physiology, 2023‏ - academic.oup.com
Glutamine (Gln) is the first amino acid synthesized in nitrogen (N) assimilation in plants. Gln
synthetase (GS), converting glutamate (Glu) and NH4+ into Gln at the expense of ATP, is …

The glutamine-alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) metabolism and its nutritional implications

D **ao, L Zeng, K Yao, X Kong, G Wu, Y Yin - Amino acids, 2016‏ - Springer
Abstract l-Glutamine is a nutritionally semi-essential amino acid for proper growth in most
cells and tissues, and plays an important role in the determination and guarding of the …

Amino acid supplementation and impact on immune function in the context of exercise

VF Cruzat, M Krause, P Newsholme - Journal of the international …, 2014‏ - Taylor & Francis
Moderate and chronic bouts of exercise may lead to positive metabolic, molecular, and
morphological adaptations, improving health. Although exercise training stimulates the …

Immunonutrition in critically ill patients: a systematic review and analysis of the literature

PE Marik, GP Zaloga - Intensive care medicine, 2008‏ - Springer
Background The role of immuno-modulating diets (IMDs) in critically ill patients is
controversial. Objective The goal of this meta-analysis was to determine the impact of IMD's …