Hemifacial spasm is defined as unilateral, involuntary, irregular clonic or tonic movement of
muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Most frequently attributed to vascular loop …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary unilateral contractions of the
muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve, usually starting around the eyes before …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a peripherally induced movement disorder causing clonic or
tonic contractions of the facial muscles. HFS is usually unilateral and sporadic. It may be …

METHODS: The authors reviewed 1642 cases of HFS. Assessments were based on clinical
features, 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, and surgical …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a common movement disorder,
but its prevalence in different populations has not been elucidated. METHODS: We reviewed …

Opinion statement The treatment of both hemifacial spasm (HFS) and blepharospasm (BEB)
requires making the appropriate clinical diagnosis. Advance imaging and electrophysiologic …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary irregular clonic or tonic movements
of the muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII on one side of the face, and is most often a …

Background Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is primarily diagnosed by symptoms and patient
history. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be helpful in visualizing the neurovascular …

Bilateral hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare movement disorder posing diagnostic doubt with
other facial dyskinesias. In this report, we describe clinical, radiological and therapeutic …

Cranial movement disorders are a common neurological problem. These disorders can be
limited to the cranial muscles alone or manifest as part of a more generalized movement …