Ion channels and ion transporters play essential roles in the function of the retinal pigment
epithelium (RPE). The use of cell cultures has been exploited as a key method for …

Animal toxins are well recognized for their hazards to man. Consisting of peptides, enzymes,
chemicals and proteins, animal toxins can cause cellular injury with a broad spectrum of …

From a systematic screening of animal venoms, we isolated a new toxin (APETx2) from the
sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima, which inhibits ASIC3 homomeric channels and …

Acquired neuromyotonia is characterized by hyperexcitability of motor nerves leading to
muscle twitching, cramps, and weakness. The symptoms may improve following plasma …

Background: β-bungarotoxin is a heterodimeric neurotoxin consisting of a phospholipase
subunit linked by a disulfide bond to a K+ channel binding subunit which is a member of the …

Envenomation or poisoning by toxins from animals poses an important health hazard in the
tropics. Animal toxins are complex mixtures of proteins, peptides, enzymes and chemicals …

The type of K+ channel involved in the acetylcholine (ACh) evoked response (Ksub; sub
stands for suberyldicholine) in guinea pig outer hair cells (OHCs) is still uncertain. The …

The great diversity of K+ channels and their wide distribution in many tissues are associated
with important functions in cardiac and neuronal excitability that are now better understood …

Capricorn (23.5 degrees north and south)(Fig. 63.1). This zone has unique characteristics
that signi cantly modify the pro le of kidney disease with regard to etiology, clinical features …

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on
spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractility of pregnant and non-pregnant rat …