2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The African continent is characterised by a wide range of hydroclimate regimes, ranging
from humid equatorial West Africa to the arid deserts in the northern and southern …

Abstract The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is a recognized period of distinct pre-
industrial climate change, with a core period of 1000–1200 CE. The field of …

This paper highlights the importance of differentiating between precipitation amount and
moisture availability ('humidity'/'aridity') when considering proxy records of climate change …

We present the new R package CoinCalc for performing event coincidence analysis (ECA),
a novel statistical method to quantify the simultaneity of events contained in two series of …

Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 C) on annual tree rings offer new
opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal …

Analyses of historical patterns of rainfall variability are essential for understanding long-term
changes in precipitation timing and distribution. Focussing on former Natal and Zululand …

Abstract The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) is a well‐recognized climate perturbation in
many parts of the world, with a core period of 1000–1200 Common Era. Here we present a …

Climate variability has been causally linked to the transformation of society in pre‐industrial
southeast Africa. A growing critique, however, challenges the simplicity of ideas that identify …

Evidence for climate variability in the southern African monsoon region (SAMR) is limited by
a spatially and temporally discontinuous palaeoclimatic dataset. We describe a 6680 year …