Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health burden. It is generally thought
that while B cell-and antibody-mediated immunity plays an important role in host defense …

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) research has provided significant understanding of the
disease over the past 26 years. Modern research tools that have been used include …

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging pathogen which causes Oropouche fever and
meningitis in humans. Several outbreaks of OROV in South America, especially in Brazil …

Activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is required for an effective immune response to an
M. tuberculosis infection. However, infected macrophages are poor antigen presenting cells …

Scope During ageing, dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota may occur and impact health.
There is a paucity of studies on the effect of fiber on the elderly microbiota and the flexibility …

Shingles is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) and manifests as
painful skin rashes. While the recombinant protein‐based vaccine proves highly effective, it …

Exosomes are small 30–100 nm membrane vesicles released from hematopoietic and
nonhematopoietic cells and function to promote intercellular communication. They are …

Vaccine development strategies for improving immunization: the role of modern immunology |
Nature Immunology Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious threat to public health, causing 2 million deaths
annually world-wide. The control of TB has been hindered by the requirement of long …

Long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination is dependent on the persistence of a
strong immunologic memory. In search of reliable markers for a hepatitis B surface antigen …