Measuring and understanding personality in animals is a rising scientific field. Much
research has been conducted to assess distinctive individual differences in behavior in a …

Energy metabolism has received much attention as a potential driver of repeatable among‐
individual differences in behaviour (animal personality). Several factors have been …

The number of studies investigating links between among-individual differences in
metabolic rate (MR) and behavior has grown dramatically in the past several years. A major …

Within populations, individuals often show repeatable variation in behaviour, called 'animal
personality'. In the last few decades, numerous empirical studies have attempted to …

Males and females commonly differ in their life history optima and, consequently, in the
optimal expression of life history, behavioral and physiological traits involved in pace-of-life …

Examining the relevance of 'animal personality'involves linking consistent among-and within-
individual behavioural variation to fitness in the wild. Studies aiming to do this typically …

According to the “pace-of-life syndrome” concept, slow-fast life-history strategies favored
under different ecological conditions should lead to co-adaptations between metabolic rate …

Adverse, postnatal conditions experienced during development are known to induce
lingering effects on morphology, behaviour, reproduction and survival. Despite the …

Highlights•Both social and personal information use are personality related.•Faster
explorers tend to sample novel options instead of using personal information.•The use of …

While among-individual variation in behaviour, or personality, is common across taxa, its
mechanistic underpinnings are poorly understood. The Pace of Life syndrome (POLS) …