The widespread use of molecular machines in biology has long suggested that great
rewards could come from bridging the gap between synthetic molecular systems and the …

Chemically powered micro‐and nanomotors are small devices that are self‐propelled by
catalytic reactions in fluids. Taking inspiration from biomotors, scientists are aiming to find …

Cooperation is a strategy that has been adopted by groups of organisms to execute complex
tasks more efficiently than single entities. Cooperation increases the robustness and …

The biological cell is equipped with a variety of molecular machines that perform complex
mechanical tasks such as cell division or intracellular transport. One can envision employing …

Biological molecular motors (or biomolecular motors for short) are nature's solution to the
efficient conversion of chemical energy to mechanical movement. In biological systems …

Living systems use biological nanomotors to build life's essential molecules—such as DNA
and proteins—as well as to transport cargo inside cells with both spatial and temporal …

Biosensors can be miniaturized by either injecting smaller volumes into micro-and
nanofluidic devices or immersing increasingly sophisticated particles known as 'smart …

Integration of biomolecular motors in nanoengineered structures raises the intriguing
possibility of manipulating materials on nanometer scales. We have managed to integrate …

Abstract Natural motor proteins,“bionanorobots,” have inspired researchers to develop
artificial nanomachines (nanorobots) able to move autonomously by the conversion of …

In the past ten years a great variety of artificial molecular machines have been constructed,
and very interesting concepts for controlling molecular‐level movements by external inputs …