Cavitation-based technologies have emerged as a sustainable and effective way to treat
natural waters and wastewater, considering their increasing scarcity due to pollution and …

Product perishability is an important problem in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains (PSC).
Demand perishability and unpredictability add enormous complexity to successfully …

Risk communication (RC) is one of the necessary functions in disaster management.
Establishing communication processes such as planning, transparency of policies and …

Background Medicine smuggling poses a serious public health threat, limiting patients' safe
and timely access to this essential resource. Thus, this study aims to identify the factors …

Background Over the past three decades, allocation of foreign currency subsidies has been
the primary strategy of various administrations in Iran to improve access to medicines. This …

Background Following the rapid aging of population, some concerns have emerged
regarding increasing demand for health care services and the consequent increase in …

Objectives To assess the effects of the transparent online open procurement arrangement
on the prices, volumes, and costs of medicines in Ningxia, China. Methods Data were …

Background: According to the World Bank, the medical tourism industry in 2016 generated
more than $100 billion revenue turnover for the destination countries. This study aims to …

Background Despite the favorable progress in the production of medicines, there is no
significant access to these important health inputs among different socio-economic groups …

Background Health systems always face financial resource constraints to achieve their
goals, but on the other hand, the equitable distribution of these resources throughout the …