Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Diatoms and bacteria have cooccurred in common habitats for hundreds of millions of years,
thus fostering specific associations and interactions with global biogeochemical …

The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is comprised of 11
families of enzymes. PDEs break down cAMP and/or cGMP and are major determinants of …

Some bacteria have the remarkable capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia under
ambient conditions, a reaction only mimicked on an industrial scale by a chemical process …

Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domains serve as versatile sensor and interaction modules in signal
transduction proteins. PAS sensors detect chemical and physical stimuli and regulate the …

Microorganisms and their hosts communicate with each other through an array of hormonal
signals. This cross-kingdom cell-to-cell signalling involves small molecules, such as …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are ubiquitously distributed in
mammalian tissues, play a major role in cell signaling by hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP. Due …

Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains occur in proteins from all kingdoms of life. In the bacterial
kingdom, PAS domains are commonly positioned at the amino terminus of signaling proteins …

The genus Mycobacterium is best known for its two major pathogenic species, M.
tuberculosis and M. leprae, the causative agents of two of the world's oldest diseases …