Conspectus Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is the universal cellular instruction for
ribosomes to produce proteins. Proteins are responsible for most of the functions of living …

Over the last decade, many catalytically active DNA molecules (deoxyribozymes; DNA
enzymes) have been identified by in vitro selection from random-sequence DNA pools. This …

INTRODUCTION N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), an abundant modification in eukaryotic
mRNAs and long-noncoding RNAs, has been recognized as a major epitranscriptome mark …

Drug discovery campaigns against COVID-19 are beginning to target the SARS-CoV-2 RNA
genome. The highly conserved frameshift stimulation element (FSE), required for balanced …

Nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14) of coronaviruses (CoV) is important for viral replication and
transcription. The N-terminal exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain plays a proofreading role for …

Eukaryotic mRNAs generally possess a 5′ end N7 methyl guanosine (m 7 G) cap that
promotes their translation and stability. However, mammalian mRNAs can also carry a 5 …

SARS coronavirus (SCoV) nonstructural protein (nsp) 1, a potent inhibitor of host gene
expression, possesses a unique mode of action: it binds to 40S ribosomes to inactivate their …

RNA viruses have evolved elaborate strategies to protect their genomes, including 5′
cap**. However, until now no RNA 5′ cap has been identified for hepatitis C virus,(HCV) …

SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome expression depends on the synthesis of a set of
mRNAs, which presumably are capped at their 5′ end and direct the synthesis of all viral …

The N7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap is the defining structural feature of eukaryotic mRNAs.
Most eukaryotic viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm, including coronaviruses, have …