Chemical synapses are not static. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) wax and wane, depending
on the recent history of presynaptic activity. At some synapses PSPs grow during repetitive …

Until recently, it has been impossible to approach learning with the techniques of cell
biology. During the past several years, elementary forms of learning have been analyzed in …

Study of the neurobiology of learning and memory is in a most exciting phase. Behavioral
studies in animals are characterizing the categories and properties of learning and memory; …

The ability of organisms to seamlessly ignore familiar, inconsequential stimuli improves their
selective attention and response to salient features of the environment. Here, I propose that …

Habituation, one of the simplest behavioral paradigms for studying memory, has recently
been examined on the cellular level in the gill-withdrawal reflex in the mollusc Aplysia and in …

Subregions of the rat hippocampal slice were investigateed in relation to (a) the presence of
long-term potentiation and (b) responsiveness to low-frequency stimulation. Long-term …

Sensitization is an elementary form of nonassociative learning, related to behavioral
arousal, in which a strong stimulus facilitates a reflex response. Studies of the neural circuit …

Recent studies such as that by the 1st author and colleagues (1983) indicate that the cellular
mechanism underlying classical conditioning of the mollusc Aplysia's siphon withdrawal …

Reviews literature aimed at studying the nature of the" engram," the set of physical
processes and changes in the brain which forms the basis of learning. The general research …

Drosophila melanogaster has been cultured with shock to avoid various odors. Mutants that
failed to learn this task have been isolated. Here we report tests on these mutants for more …