Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution
in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting …

Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to
produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular …

As knowledge of cell metabolism has advanced, glutamine has been considered an
important amino acid that supplies carbon and nitrogen to fuel biosynthesis. A recent study …

Molecular oxygen (O2) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous
biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased …

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common breast cancer subtype.
Treatment of ER+ breast cancer comprises interventions that suppress estrogen production …

In order to meet the high energy demand, a metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells.
Its role is crucial in promoting tumor survival. Among the substrates in demand, oxygen is …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and the HIF-dependent cancer hallmarks angiogenesis and
metabolic rewiring are well-established drivers of breast cancer aggressiveness, therapy …

Summary The CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib (PAL), significantly improves progression-free
survival in HR+/HER2− breast cancer when combined with anti-hormonals. We sought to …

Cellular energy is primarily provided by the oxidative degradation of nutrients coupled with
mitochondrial respiration, in which oxygen participates in the mitochondrial electron …