Evolution of influenza a virus by mutation and re-assortment
W Shao, X Li, MU Goraya, S Wang… - International journal of …, 2017 - mdpi.com
Influenza A virus (IAV), a highly infectious respiratory pathogen, has continued to be a
significant threat to global public health. To complete their life cycle, influenza viruses have …
significant threat to global public health. To complete their life cycle, influenza viruses have …
Avian influenza viruses in humans: lessons from past outbreaks
Background Human infections with avian influenza viruses (AIV) represent a persistent
public health threat. The principal risk factor governing human infection with AIV is from …
public health threat. The principal risk factor governing human infection with AIV is from …
[HTML][HTML] Highly pathogenic avian influenza a (H5N1) virus clade 2.3. 4.4 b in wild birds and live bird markets, Egypt
Clade 2.3. 4.4 H5Nx influenza viruses have further diversified into several subclades. Sub-
clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and detected in …
clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and detected in …
The emergence and decennary distribution of clade 2.3. 4.4 HPAI H5Nx
KJC Antigua, WS Choi, YH Baek, MS Song - Microorganisms, 2019 - mdpi.com
Reassortment events among influenza viruses occur naturally and may lead to the
development of new and different subtypes which often ignite the possibility of an influenza …
development of new and different subtypes which often ignite the possibility of an influenza …
Avian influenza overview October 2016–August 2017
European Food Safety Authority… - EFSA …, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract The A (H5N8) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic occurred in 29
European countries in 2016/2017 and has been the largest ever recorded in the EU in terms …
European countries in 2016/2017 and has been the largest ever recorded in the EU in terms …
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks in Algerian avian livestock production
N Ammali, R Kara, D Guetarni, Y Chebloune - … , Microbiology and Infectious …, 2024 - Elsevier
Avian Alpha-influenza-virus (AIV) massively affects poultry, targeting mainly the respiratory
tract for virus replication. Recently, two major H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks caused …
tract for virus replication. Recently, two major H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks caused …
Pathogenicity and genomic changes of a 2016 European H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (clade 2.3. 4.4) in experimentally infected mallards and …
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 clade 2.3. 4.4 virus caused outbreaks in poultry
and unusually high mortality in wild birds in 2016–2017. The pathobiology of one of these …
and unusually high mortality in wild birds in 2016–2017. The pathobiology of one of these …
The genetics of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype H5 in Germany, 2006–2020
J King, T Harder, FJ Conraths, M Beer… - Transboundary and …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract The H5 A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (gs/GD) lineage emerged in China in 1996.
Rooted in the respective gs/GD lineage, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of highly pathogenic …
Rooted in the respective gs/GD lineage, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of highly pathogenic …
Screening for neuraminidase inhibitor resistance markers among avian influenza viruses of the N4, N5, N6, and N8 neuraminidase subtypes
WS Choi, JH Jeong, JJ Kwon, SJ Ahn… - Journal of …, 2018 - Am Soc Microbiol
Several subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are emerging as novel human
pathogens, and the frequency of related infections has increased in recent years. Although …
pathogens, and the frequency of related infections has increased in recent years. Although …
Connect to protect: dynamics and genetic connections of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in poultry from 2016 to 2021 in Germany
J King, C Staubach, C Lüder, S Koethe, A Günther… - Viruses, 2022 - mdpi.com
During autumn/winter in 2016–2017 and 2020–2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza
viruses (HPAIV) caused severe outbreaks in Germany and Europe. Multiple clade 2.3. 4.4 b …
viruses (HPAIV) caused severe outbreaks in Germany and Europe. Multiple clade 2.3. 4.4 b …