The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become
increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural …

Some recent clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key
factor that interacts with the three neurobiological correlates of major depressive disorder …

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that are capable of
carrying out prominent and various functions during development and adulthood under both …

Sleep-immune interactions are well-known phenomena in everyday life and folk wisdom.
There is no doubt that an infection makes us tired and increases the desire to sleep, and a …

For decades, it was commonly accepted that the brain is secluded from peripheral immune
activity and is self-sufficient for its maintenance and repair. This simplistic perception was …

Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of
biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of endothelial
cells (ECs), neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and pericytes. Each component is …

The segregation and limited regenerative capacity of the CNS necessitate a specialized and
tightly regulated resident immune system that continuously guards the CNS against invading …

There is significant interest in understanding inflammatory responses within the brain and
spinal cord. Inflammatory responses that are centralized within the brain and spinal cord are …

The microbial ecosystem that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of all mammals—the gut
microbiota—has been in a symbiotic relationship with its hosts over many millennia. Thanks …