Many ecosystems around the world are rapidly deteriorating due to both local and global
pressures, and perhaps none so precipitously as coral reefs. Management of coral reefs …

Resilience underpins the sustainability of both ecological and social systems. Extensive loss
of reef corals following recent mass bleaching events have challenged the notion that …

Abstract During 2015–2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral
bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the …

Despite decades of increasing investment in conservation, we have not succeeded in"
bending the curve" of biodiversity decline. Efforts to meet new targets and goals for the next …

The global decline in estuarine and coastal ecosystems (ECEs) is affecting a number of
critical benefits, or ecosystem services. We review the main ecological services across a …

Ocean warming under climate change threatens coral reefs directly, through fatal heat stress
to corals and indirectly, by boosting the energy of cyclones that cause coral destruction and …

Phase-shifts from one persistent assemblage of species to another have become
increasingly commonplace on coral reefs and in many other ecosystems due to escalating …

Sea temperatures in many tropical regions have increased by almost 1° C over the past 100
years, and are currently increasing at~ 1–2° C per century. Coral bleaching occurs when the …

The diversity, frequency, and scale of human impacts on coral reefs are increasing to the
extent that reefs are threatened globally. Projected increases in carbon dioxide and …

The worldwide decline of coral reefs calls for an urgent reassessment of current
management practices. Confronting large-scale crises requires a major scaling-up of …