Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and
mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose …

Plant architecture fundamentally differs from that of other multicellular organisms in that
individual cells serve as osmotic bricks, defined by the equilibrium between the internal …

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research
groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common …

Salt stress simultaneously causes ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress, which
directly impact plant growth and development. Plants have developed numerous strategies …

Growth is central to plant morphogenesis. Plant cells are encased in rigid cell walls, and
they must overcome physical confinement to grow to specific sizes and shapes. Cell wall …

Drought stress is an increasing concern because of climate change and increasing
demands on water for agriculture. There are still many unknowns about how plants sense …

Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great
adaptability and assume many different forms—with several even turning themselves into …

Osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling are important for plant growth and abiotic
stress resistance. Activation of osmotic and ABA signaling downstream of the PYL-type ABA …

Maintaining and modulating mechanical anisotropy is essential for biological processes.
However, how this is achieved at the microscopic scale in living soft matter is not always …

The plant immune system perceives a diversity of carbohydrate ligands from plant and
microbial cell walls through the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition …