The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has enabled the deployment
of various systems based on it. However, many current AI systems are found vulnerable to …

Formal methods use mathematical models for analysis and verification at any part of the
program life-cycle. We describe the state of the art in the industrial use of formal methods …

Toward verified artificial intelligence Page 1 46 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM | JULY
2022 | VOL. 65 | NO. 7 contributed articles ILL US TRA TION B Y PETER CRO W THER A …

We present a hierarchical model that learns image decompositions via alternating layers of
convolutional sparse coding and max pooling. When trained on natural images, the layers of …

A comprehensive introduction to the foundations of model checking, a fully automated
technique for finding flaws in hardware and software; with extensive examples and both …

We consider the following clustering problem: we have a complete graph on n vertices
(items), where each edge (u, v) is labeled either+ or− depending on whether u and v have …

Explicitly stated program invariants can help programmers by identifying program properties
that must be preserved when modifying code. In practice, however, these invariants are …

Solid requirements engineering has increasingly been recognized as the key to improved,
on-time, and on-budget delivery of software and systems projects. New software tools are …

Currently, machine learning (ML) techniques are at the heart of smart cyber-physical
systems (CPSs) and Internet-of-Things (loT). This article discusses various challenges and …

This paper describes a new symbolic model checker, called NuSMV, developed as part of a
joint project between CMU and IRST. NuSMV is the result of the reengineering …