A wide gap between research and practice hinders the implementation of biodiversity
conservation recommendations. As subjects studied by conservation scientists might bear …

Aquatic ecosystems are under threat from multiple stressors, which vary in distribution and
intensity across temporal and spatial scales. Monitoring and assessment of these …

Researchers are commonly in a situation, often after an experiment, where they want to
compare the central tendency of some measure across a number of groups. If the number of …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a widespread alteration of the natural environment that can
affect the functioning of ecosystems. ALAN can change the movement patterns of freshwater …

Levels of artificial night lighting are increasing rapidly worldwide, subjecting nocturnal
organisms to a major change in their environment. Many moth species are strongly attracted …

Moths are frequently used as indicators of biodiversity or habitat quality. Light traps are the
most effective and widely used method for gathering data on moth communities. Knowing …

Two factors that promote cooperation are partner choice and punishment of defectors, but
which option do people actually prefer to use? Punishment is predicted to be more common …

Environmental aridity is increasing in several regions around the globe due to climate
change. However, little is known about microbial diversity and community responses to …

Woodland (Plethodontid) salamanders are the most abundant vertebrates in North American
forests, functioning as predators on invertebrates and prey for higher trophic levels. We …

Punishers can benefit from a tough reputation, where future partners cooperate because
they fear repercussions. Alternatively, punishers might receive help from bystanders if their …