Life as we know it would not exist without water. However, water molecules not only serve as
a solvent and reactant but can also promote hydrolysis, which counteracts the formation of …

Biochemistry on Earth makes use of the key elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and sulfur (or CHONPS). Chemically accessible molecules containing these …

Hydrogen gas, H2, is generated by alkaline hydrothermal vents through an ancient
geochemical process called serpentinization, in which water reacts with iron-containing …

In agriculture, loss of crop yield to pathogen damage seriously threatens efforts to achieve
global food security. In the present work,“organic” elemental sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) …

Precambrian iron formation provides valuable windows onto ancient marine environments,
but exactly how these Fe-and Si-rich chemical sedimentary rocks formed have remained a …

Studies have reported that various hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are
found in global deep-sea hydrothermal regions. However, little is known about degradation …

Tertiary treatment, the 'polisher'for wastewater nutrients, has assumed an increasingly
greater role in municipal wastewater treatment plants, particularly given the growing …

Seafloor hydrothermal vents represent potential sources of Mo and other biologically
relevant transition metals to the global ocean, complementing continental runoff. Here, we …

Supernormal enrichment of cadmium in sphalerite is frequently observed in some
sedimentary-hosted zinc-lead deposits, although related fluid process remains …

The origin of life has long been a central scientific challenge, with various hypotheses
proposed. The chemical evolution, which supposes that inorganic molecules can transform …