Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine and ATP, are the key molecules
controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these …

Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis,
nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a …

Astrocytes are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. Increasing evidence
suggests that a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic …

In the last decade, preclinical investigations of electroacupuncture mechanisms on
persistent tissue-injury (inflammatory), nerve-injury (neuropathic), cancer, and visceral pain …

Previous anti-inflammatory strategies against sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitals,
had limited efficacy in clinical trials, in part because they targeted single cytokines and the …

Growing evidences show that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease (PD) and the gut-brain axis can be promising target for the development …

Brain lactate concentration is higher during wakefulness than in sleep. However, it is
unknown why arousal is linked to an increase in brain lactate and why lactate declines …

The importance of adenosine for human health cannot be overstated. Indeed, this ubiquitous
nucleoside is an integral component of ATP, and regulates the function of every tissue and …

Objective To assess the efficacy of manual acupuncture as prophylactic treatment for
acupuncture naive patients with episodic migraine without aura. Design Multicentre …