The mitochondrial (mt) genome is, to date, the most extensively studied genomic system in
insects, outnumbering nuclear genomes tenfold and representing all orders versus very few …

Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single radiation of plant-
feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past two decades, building on a …

Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the major superradiations of insects,
comprising nearly 160,000 described extant species. As herbivores, pollinators, and prey …

Summary Butterflies (Papilionoidea), with over 18,000 described species [1], have
captivated naturalists and scientists for centuries. They play a central role in the study of …

The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, is among the most widespread and destructive
agricultural pests, feeding on over 100 crops throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. By …

2. The classification largely follows that in the Handbook of Zoology (Kristensen 1998), and
the later update (Kristensen et al. 2007). Recent molecular studies of Ditrysia (Regier et al …

How an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore is of profound biological and
practical importance. Herbivores are often adapted to feed on a specific group of …

This paper presents an updated checklist of the butterflies of Europe, together with their
original name combinations, and their occurrence status in each European country …

Insects detect their hosts or mates primarily through olfaction, and olfactory receptors (ORs)
are at the core of odorant detection. Each species has evolved a unique repertoire of ORs …

DNA barcodes are widely used for identification and discovery of species. While such use
draws on information at the DNA level, the current amassment of ca. 4.7 million COI …