With intensities 108–1010 times greater than other laboratory sources, X-ray free-electron
lasers are currently opening up new frontiers across many areas of science. In this Review …

X-ray free-electron lasers (x-ray FELs) give us for the first time the possibility to explore
structures and dynamical processes of atomic and molecular systems at the angstrom …

First Operation of a Free-Electron Laser Page 1 VOLUME $8, NUMBER 16 PHYSICAL REVIEW
LETTERS 18 APRIL 1977 frequency changes during the electronic transition) as well as medium …

This book contains a systematic treatment of the basic principles of free elec tron laser (FEL)
physics. It is primarily intended for physicists specializing in FEL physics and related fields …

[en] Free-electron lasers represent an altogether new and exciting class of coherent optical
sources. Making use of a simple and elegant gain medium-an electron beam in a magnetic …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Intense Terahertz Excitation of Semiconductors presents the first comprehensive treatment
of high-power terahertz applications to semiconductors and low-dimensional semiconductor …

We will ask and partly answer a few questions. What is the difference between a laser and a
light bulb? In which frequency ranges are lasers available? Which are the sizes and the …

The brightness of x-ray sources has been increased one to ten billion times by x-ray free-
electron lasers (XFELs) that generate high intensity coherent photon pulses at wavelengths …

Stimulated emission from a relativistic beam of electrons passing through a spatially periodic
right-hand circularly polarized magnetic field is considered. The amplification is found to be …