Increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity is the critical event that results in bone
loss and joint destruction in common pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis …

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells
and require macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

The bone is an essential organ for locomotion and protection of the body, as well as
hematopoiesis and mineral homeostasis. In order to exert these functions throughout life …

Discovery and characterization of the cytokine receptor-cytokine-decoy receptor triad formed
by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)–receptor activator of NF-κB …

Noncanonical NF-κB signaling differs from canonical NF-κB signaling by being activated
through different cell surface receptors, cytoplasmic adaptors, and NF-κB dimers. Under …

The discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the mid 1990s for the regulation of bone
resorption has led to major advances in our understanding of how bone modeling and …

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed mainly on bone surfaces in response to
cytokines by fusion of bone marrow-derived myeloid lineage precursors that circulate in the …

Rationale: Growing evidence indicates that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)
accumulation is a critical factor in the development of osteoporosis by triggering osteoclast …

Recent scientific studies have advanced the notion of chronic inflammation as a major risk
factor underlying aging and age-related diseases. In this review, low-grade, unresolved …