The field of tissue engineering (TE) has made tremendous progress in the past decade and
is still evolving. It is not only now possible to control cells and their environments more …

Gastric diseases, including peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, affect 10% of the world's
population and are largely due to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection,,. Species differences …

Soon after the discovery of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), seminal work in vertebrate
and invertebrate models revealed the TGF-β family to be central regulators of tissue …

The development of complex in vitro hepatic systems and artificial liver devices has been
hampered by the lack of reliable sources for relevant cell types, such as hepatic stellate cells …

To harness the potential of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), an abundant supply of
their progenies is required. Here, hPSC expansion as matrix-independent aggregates in …

Current in vitro approaches and animal models have critical limitations for modeling human
gastrointestinal diseases because they may not properly represent multicellular human …

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) constitute a promising resource for use in cell-based
therapies and a valuable in vitro model for studying early human development and disease …

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells varies in specificity and efficiency.
Stochastic, genetic, intracellular, and environmental factors affect maintenance of …

The human stomach contains two primary domains: the corpus, which contains the fundic
epithelium, and the antrum. Each of these domains has distinct cell types and functions, and …

Functional activation of the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) receptors (TGFBRs) is
carefully regulated through integration of post-translational modifications, spatial regulation …