Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a
severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher …

Copper (Cu) is an essential element for humans and plants when present in lesser amount,
while in excessive amounts it exerts detrimental effects. There subsists a narrow difference …

Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global problem with serious impacts on human health and
ecological security. Phytoextraction in phytoremediation, in which plants uptake and …

Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal that is heavily discharged into the soil environment
due to its widespread use and mining. High Cr levels may pose toxic hazards to plants …

The spread of heavy metal (loid) s at soil-food crop interfaces has become a threat to
sustainable agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. The eco-toxic effects …

Cadmium is a non-essential trace metal, which is highly toxic to nearly all living organisms.
Soil pollution causes Cd contamination of crops, thereby rendering plant products …

Plants respond to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal (s) by triggering the
expression of genes that encode proteins involved in stress response. Toxic metal ions …

Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the
environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic …

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and a beneficial element for plants.
However, high Se doses always exhibit hazardous effects. Recently, Se toxicity in plant-soil …

Heavy metals in agricultural soils exist in diverse dissolved (free cations and complexed
species of positive, neutral, or negative charges), particulate (sorbed, structural, and …