Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, and is a
problem with significant global health impact. Major advances in diagnostics, technology …

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent
complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age …

Primary diabetes care and diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening persist as major public
health challenges due to a shortage of trained primary care physicians (PCPs), particularly …

Objective The objective of this clinical practice guideline is to provide updated and new
evidence-based recommendations for the comprehensive care of persons with diabetes …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide.
Since DR was first recognized as an important complication of diabetes, there have been …

There remain many unanswered questions on how to assess and treat the pathology and
complications that arise from diabetic retinopathy (DR). Optical coherence tomography …

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a relatively common disease that causes vision
loss due to macular subretinal fluid leakage and it is often associated with reduced vision …

The blood–retina barrier (BRB) is the term used to define the properties of the retinal
capillaries and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which separate the systemic circulation …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by heterogeneously progressive
loss of islet β cell insulin secretion usually occurring after the presence of insulin resistance …

Current guidelines recommend that individuals with diabetes receive yearly eye exams for
detection of referable diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of new-onset …