Simple Summary Higher plants face a variety of stress conditions. There are a number of
different antioxidant enzymes that help plants to cope with these stresses. During stresses …

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and dervatives, referred as jasmonates (JAs) are
important molecules in the regulation of many physiological processes in plant growth and …

Plants as immovable organisms sense the stressors in their environment and respond to
them by means of dedicated stress response pathways. In response to stress, jasmonates …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were initially recognized as toxic by-products of aerobic
metabolism. In recent years, it has become apparent that ROS plays an important signaling …

Abstract ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) is an upstream component in both
jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling and is involved in pathogen resistance …

The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant
defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in …

Plants are exposed to a multitude of environmental stresses like drought, salinity, cold, heat,
UV‐B rays and heavy metal toxicity which severely impair plant development and reduce …

Although cadmium (Cd), an extremely toxic non-essential heavy metal, has no biological
function, it is capable of entering plant roots. Cd not only presents a problem for plants …

Abstract SNF1‐related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) regulate the plant responses to abiotic
stresses, especially water deficits. They are activated in plants subjected to osmotic stress …

Soil salinity is a major constraint for sustainable agricultural productivity, which together with
the incessant climate change may be transformed into a severe threat to the global food …