The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However,
auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the …

In this review we take a physiological perspective on the role of voltage‐gated potassium
channels in an identified neuron in the auditory brainstem. The large number of KCN genes …

Our concepts of sound localization in the vertebrate brain are widely based on the general
assumption that both the ability to detect air-borne sounds and the neuronal processing are …

The calyx of Held is an axosomatic terminal in the auditory brainstem that has attracted
anatomists because of its giant size and physiologists because of its accessibility to patch …

The dominant cue for localization of low-frequency sounds are microsecond differences in
the time-of-arrival of sounds at the two ears [interaural time difference (ITD)]. In mammals …

As an animal navigates its surroundings, the sounds reaching its two ears change in
waveform similarity (interaural correlation) and in time of arrival (interaural time difference …

The calyx of Held synapse in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the auditory
brainstem has become an established in vitro model to study the development of fast …

The integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs is fundamental to neuronal
processing. In the mammalian auditory brainstem, neurons compare excitatory and …

Different types of generation mechanisms of 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR)
were investigated using diotic and dichotic stimulation with 500-and 540-Hz pure tones of …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …