Autonomous navigation of agricultural robots and vehicles in agricultural environments is a
prerequisite for the accomplishment of various tasks. However, precision navigation of …

Vegetation cover fraction (fCover) and related quantities are basic yet critical vegetation
structure variables in various disciplines and applications. Ground-and aerial-based …

Background Plant shape and structure are important factors in peanut breeding research.
Constructing a three-dimension (3D) model can provide an effective digital tool for …

The understory is an essential ecological and structural component of forest ecosystems.
The lack of efficient, accurate, and objective methods for evaluating and quantifying the …

To understand time‐lag dynamics in the response of biodiversity to contemporary
environmental changes (eg macroclimate warming and atmospheric pollution), we need to …

Hemispherical photography is a relevant tool to estimate canopy attributes such as leaf area
index (LAI). Advancements in digital photography and image processing tools have …

Accurate estimates of forest canopy structure are central for a wide range of ecological
studies. Hemispherical photography (HP) is a popular tool to estimate canopy attributes …