Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with regional alterations in brain
structure and function that are hypothesized to contribute to symptoms and cognitive deficits …

The effects of sex hormones on immune function have received much attention, especially
following the proposal of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. Many studies, both …

A focus on novel, confirmatory, and statistically significant results leads to substantial bias in
the scientific literature. One type of bias, known as “p-hacking,” occurs when researchers …

Given the competition for top journal space, there is an incentive to produce “significant”
results. With the combination of unreported tests, lack of adjustment for multiple tests, and …

Objectives Mothers of school age and older children with developmental disabilities
experience poorer health than mothers of typically develo** children. This review …

Individual studies indicate that kidney transplantation is associated with lower mortality and
improved quality of life compared with chronic dialysis treatment. We did a systematic review …

In the GRADE approach, randomized trials start as high-quality evidence and observational
studies as low-quality evidence, but both can be rated down if a body of evidence is …

Overwhelming evidence shows the quality of reporting of randomised controlled trials
(RCTs) is not optimal. Without transparent reporting, readers cannot judge the reliability and …

The objective of this study was to develop a scoring system (NutriGrade) to evaluate the
quality of evidence of randomized controlled trial (RCT) and cohort study meta-analyses in …

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to
efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and …