Digital twins are being adopted by increasingly more industries, transforming them and
bringing new opportunities. Digital twins provide previously unheard levels of control over …

Terrain is considered one of the most essential natural geographic features and is a key
factor in physical processes. Geomorphometry and terrain analyses have provided a wealth …

This manuscript identifies and documents unsolved problems and research challenges in
the extended reality (XR) domain (ie, virtual (VR), augmented (AR), and mixed reality (MR)) …

Accurate water extraction and quantitative estimation of water quality are two key and
challenging issues for remote sensing of water environment. Recent advances in remote …

Abstract The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an
important framework for economic, social, and environmental action. A comprehensive …

Digital twins (DTs) promise innovation for the marine renewable energy sector using modern
technological advances and the existing maritime knowledge frameworks. The DT is a …

Great strides have been made in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) research over the
past half-century. However, this progress has created both opportunities and challenges …

ABSTRACT The concept of Digital Earth (DE) was formalized by Al Gore in 1998. At that time
the technologies needed for its implementation were in an embryonic stage and the concept …

The future of humanity depends increasingly on the performance of cities. Big data provide
new and powerful ways of studying and improving coupled urban environmental, social, and …

A general framework for processing high and very-high resolution imagery in support of a
Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) is presented together with a discussion on the …