▪ Abstract Anthrax toxin consists of three nontoxic proteins that associate in binary or ternary
combinations to form toxic complexes at the surface of mammalian cells. One of these …

Certain pathogenic species of Bacillus and Clostridium have developed unique methods for
intoxicating cells that employ the classic enzymatic “AB” paradigm for protein toxins. The …

Protective antigen (PA) is the central component of the three-part protein toxin secreted by
Bacillus anthracis, the organism responsible for anthrax1. After proteolytic activation on the …

The tripartite toxin produced by Bacillus anthracis is the key determinant in the etiology of
anthrax. We have engineered a panel of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, including single …

Vaccines which are efficacious against anthrax, such as the human vaccine, Anthrax
Vaccine Absorbed (AVA), contain the protective antigen (PA) component of the anthrax …

Bacillus anthracis, a gram positive bacterium, is the causative agent of anthrax. This
organism is capsulogen and toxinogenic. It secretes two toxins which are composed of three …

The protective effects of polyclonal antisera produced by injecting guinea pigs with
protective antigen (PA), the chemical anthrax vaccine AVA, or Sterne spore vaccine, as well …

J. Clin. Invest. 109: 141–144 (2002). doi: 10.1172/JCI200216204. administration of anthrax
toxin to monkeys, anthrax can be considered a toxin-mediated disease. The virulence of B …

This review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to the pathogenesis of infection
with Bacillus anthracis relative to the two exotoxins and the capsule. Emphasis is given to …

A panel of variants with alanine substitutions in the small loop of anthrax toxin protective
antigen domain 4 was created to determine individual amino acid residues critical for …