Making up over 92% of life in our oceans, marine invertebrates inhabit every zone in the
water column, with contributions ranging from ecosystem functioning to socioeconomic …

The deleterious effects (biodeterioration) and the protective benefits (bioprotection) of
biological colonisation on manmade structures have long been debated. Lichens, biofilms …

Urbanization is leading to biodiversity loss through habitat homogenization. The smooth,
featureless surfaces of many marine urban structures support ecological communities, often …

From microbes to humans, habitat structural complexity plays a direct role in the provision of
physical living space, and increased complexity supports higher biodiversity and ecosystem …

The construction of artificial structures, such as seawalls, is increasing globally, resulting in
loss of habitat complexity and native species biodiversity. There is increasing interest in …

Ocean sprawl is a growing threat to marine and coastal ecosystems globally, with wide-
ranging consequences for natural habitats and species. Artificial structures built in the …

The proliferation of artificial concrete structures (ACSs) in the marine environment causes
intertidal habitat loss and is a poor surrogate for natural rocky shores in terms of species …

Coastal defence structures are playing a vital role in protecting coastal communities from
extreme climatic conditions and flooding. With climate change and sea-level rise in the next …

Coastal ecosystems globally face pressures, with natural coastal habitats being replaced by
engineered structures. While hard structures for navigation‐purposes and coastal defense …

Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in the construction of coastal and
marine infrastructure despite the well known environmental impacts which include a high …