This review examines the generation of reactive oxygen species by mammalian
mitochondria, and the status of different sites of production in redox signaling and pathology …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of intracellular signaling cascades.
Excessive production of ROS may, however, lead to oxidative stress, loss of cell function …

Thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and NADPH, the thioredoxin system, is ubiquitous from
Archea to man. Thioredoxins, with a dithiol/disulfide active site (CGPC) are the major cellular …

Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation,
proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from
aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated …

BACKGROUND: Thioredoxin systems, involving redox active thioredoxins and thioredoxin
reductases, sustain a number of important thioredoxin-dependent pathways. These systems …

The thioredoxin system plays a key role in regulating the overall intracellular redox balance.
It basically comprises the small redox protein thioredoxin (Trx), nicotinamide adenine …

Recent identification of new selenocysteine-containing proteins has revealed relationships
between the two trace elements selenium (Se) and iodine and the hormone network …

The application of gold in medicine is traceable for several thousand years and Au (i)
compounds have been used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis since the last century …

Mitochondria are intimately involved in the generation of and defense against reactive
oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are themselves targets of oxidative stress and also …