A large share of online users has already witnessed online hate speech. Because targets
tend to interpret such bystanders' lack of reaction as agreement with the hate speech …

Abstract The Problem People use social media platforms to chat, search, and share
information, express their opinions, and connect with others. But these platforms also …

We document the following; First, hate crimes against East Asians increased from as soon
as early February 2020 and the higher levels of hate crimes against this group persisted …

Advocates and academics have increasingly called on governments to recognize anti-
homeless violence as a hate crime and type of domestic extremism, representing a broader …

The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a rise in reports of hate crime against East and
Southeast Asian minorities. Political rhetoric blaming China for causing the pandemic was …

Studies on the relationship between racial composition and interracial hate crimes are
largely cross-sectional, while little is known about longitudinal developments. This paper …

Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) people in Australia face unique barriers in the
CJS. There is limited research on both CALD consumers' and agents' experiences within the …

A growing research body shows that victimization increases victims' fear of crime. Typically,
this research estimates average effects, which may conceal that people respond differently …

El presente trabajo nace a propósito de las situaciones de violencia que afectaron a
personas migrantes venezolanas en el norte del país, específicamente en la ciudad de …

Thirty years ago, the United States Supreme court heard oral arguments in the landmark
case of Wisconsin v. Mitchell, which ultimately upheld the constitutionality of hate crime laws …