The cell-autonomous innate immune system enables animal cells to resist viral infection.
This system comprises an array of sensors that, after detecting viral molecules, activate the …

We are in the midst of a golden age of uncovering defense systems against bacteriophages.
Apart from the fundamental interest in these defense systems, and revolutionary applications …

Bacterial anti-phage systems are frequently clustered in microbial genomes, forming
defense islands. This property enabled the recent discovery of multiple defense systems …

Bacteria and archaea have developed multiple antiviral mechanisms, and genomic
evidence indicates that several of these antiviral systems co-occur in the same strain. Here …

Bacteria carry diverse genetic systems to defend against viral infection, some of which are
found within prophages where they inhibit competing viruses. Phage satellites pose …

Abstract Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor is perpetuating the longest cholera pandemic in
recorded history. The genomic islands VSP-1 and VSP-2 distinguish El Tor from previous …

Most bacteria and archaea possess multiple antiviral defence systems that protect against
infection by phages, archaeal viruses and mobile genetic elements. Our understanding of …

It has become clear in recent years that anti-phage defense systems cluster non-randomly
within bacterial genomes in so-called “defense islands”. Despite serving as a valuable tool …

Canonical CRISPR-Cas systems utilize RNA-guided nucleases for targeted cleavage of
foreign nucleic acids, whereas some nuclease-deficient CRISPR-Cas complexes have been …

Transposition is a major mechanism of horizontal gene mobility in prokaryotes. However,
exploration of the genes mobilized by transposons (cargo) is hampered by the difficulty in …